Panchang
Panchang is a Hindu astrological almanac that provides comprehensive information about various celestial events, auspicious timings, and other important astrological data. The word “Panchang” is derived from the Sanskrit words “pancha” meaning “five” and “anga”(limb) here means “part” indicating the five essential elements of the almanac.
A traditional Indian Panchang typically includes the following five main elements
Tithi
Tithi represents the lunar day in the Hindu lunisolar calendar. It is based on the relative positions of the Moon and the Sun and signifies the phases of the Moon. Each Tithi has its own significance and is associated with various rituals and observances.
Nakshatra
Nakshatra refers to the lunar mansion or constellation through which the Moon is passing. There are 27 Nakshatras, each associated with certain qualities and characteristics. Nakshatra is considered important in determining auspicious timings for various activities.
Yoga
Yoga signifies the union or combination of specific positions of the Sun and the Moon. There are 27 Yogas, each associated with particular qualities and influences. The Yoga is considered while assessing the overall auspiciousness of a given day.
Karana
Karana is a smaller unit of time and represents half of a Tithi. There are 11 Karanas, each associated with different activities and their outcomes. Karanas are also considered while determining favorable or unfavorable timings for specific actions.
Var
Var refers to the day of the week. Each day is associated with a ruling planet and has its own significance in terms of planetary influences.
Apart from these five main elements, a Panchang may also include additional information such as planetary positions, planetary transits, festivals, fasts, and other astrological calculations like vishti bhadra.
Panchangs are widely used by Hindu communities for various purposes, including selecting auspicious dates for weddings, ceremonies, starting new ventures, and planning religious or cultural events. They serve as a guide for individuals to align their actions with astrological influences and traditions.